Knowledge LabDiversion Programs & Alternative Responses
Diversion Programs & Alternative Responses: Lessons LearnedFindings from Civil Rights Litigation
Alternative responses, Diversion
Implement policies that allow individuals to be diverted to behavioral health services
For individuals experiencing a mental or behavioral health crisis
Rather than taking them to jail or hospital emergency rooms
Why?
This can minimize police-involved responses and improve public safety in situations that do not require an Emergency Petition
The above findings from Civil Rights litigation come from each city's consent decree below. Use the following links to access the entire language from each city’s consent decree.
The information provided above has come directly from the consent decree language, which can be accessed by clicking on each corresponding city’s consent decree. This information is intended to guide departments on decisions and actions to improve their Constitutional policing practices. Additional resources and information may be needed to implement these recommendations successfully. For assistance in implementing recommendations, contact the Knowledge Lab team.
Diversion Programs & Alternative ResponsesResources
Name
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Type
Audience
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POC
Agency
Federally Funded?
Core Issue
Sub-Category
Name
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Type
Audience
Published
POC
Agency
Federally Funded?
Link
Core Issue
Sub-Category
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Constitutional Policing as a Cornerstone of Community Policing
Learning more about key issues in constitutional policing and strategies for promoting constitutional policing in daily policing activities
Publication
2016
COPS
Yes
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
CIT, Diversion programs
Constitutional Policing as a Cornerstone of Community Policing: A Report by the Police Executive Research Forum, April 2015
Learning more about key issues in constitutional policing and strategies for promoting constitutional policing in daily policing activities
Publication
Law Enforcement, Practitioners, Researchers, Community Groups, Policy Makers
Practice Profile: Crisis Intervention Teams (CITs)
A practice description of a specialized police-led, pre-booking jail diversion response to individuals with mental illness
NIJ
Yes
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
CIT, Diversion programs
A Matter of Public Health and Safety: How States Can Support Local Crisis
Learn about how your state may be able to support your local crisis system
Publication
Policy Makers, Police Executives
2021
CSG
Yes
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
CIT, Diversion programs
Advancing the Work of Peer Support Specialists in Behavioral Health-Criminal Justice Programming
Learn about peer support specialists, what they do, and how they can add to your department and community
Publication
2021
CSG
Yes
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
Diversion programs
Building a Comprehensive and Coordinated Crisis System
Tips for how to build a comprehensive and coordinated crisis resposne
Publication
2021
CSG
Yes
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
Diversion programs, Data analysis
Community Responder Programs: Keys to Building a Strong Call Triage Process
Tips for establishing a strong call triage process for your community responder program
Publication
2021
CSG
No
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
Diversion programs, Data analysis
Community Responder Programs: Understanding the Call Triage Process
A guide for involving community responders in the call triage process
Publication
2021
CSG
No
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
Diversion programs
Developing and Implementing Your Co-Responder Program
Practical tips for starting and implementing a co-responder team
Publication
2021
CSG
Yes
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
Diversion programs
Financing Community Responder Programs
Tips for finding creative ways to fund and financially sustain community responder programs
Publication
2021
CSG
No
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
Diversion programs, Data analysis
How to Reduce Repeat Encounters: A Brief for Law Enforcement Executives
Tips for law enforcement officers on how to reduce the number of times you encounter the same indiviudals on the job, specifically with mental health needs
Publication
Police Executives
2019
CSG
Yes
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
CIT, Diversion programs, Data analysis
Police-Mental Health Collaborations: A Framework for Implementing Effective Law Enforcement Responses for People Who Have Mental Health Needs
Building a framework for implementing effective law enforcement responses for people who have mental health needs
Publication
2019
CSG
Yes
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
CIT, Diversion programs, Advisory committee, Data analysis
Program Overview: Law Enforcement-Mental Health Learning Sites
Agencies looking to tailor response models and implementation strategies to address distinct community needs
Publication
2021
CSG
Yes
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
CIT, Diversion programs
Strengthening Partnerships Between Law Enforcement and Homelessness Service Systems
Agencies looking to enhance or establish their relationships with the local homeless services
Publication
2019
CSG
Yes
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
CIT, Diversion programs, Data analysis
Tips for Successfully Implementing a 911 Dispatch Diversion Program
Tips for implementing a 911 diversion program in order to be successful
Publication
911 Operators
2021
CSG
Yes
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
Diversion programs
Tips for Implementing Crisis Stabilization Units
Learn about crisis stabilization units and tips for how to implement them successfully
Publication
2021
CSG
Yes
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
Diversion programs
National Survey of Police-Mental Health Collaboration Programs in Large U.S. City Police Departments
Learn about agencies that have police-mental health collaboration programs
Research
2021
CSG
Yes
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
CIT, Diversion programs
Assessing the Impact of Co-Responder Team Programs: A Review of Research
Learning about what the research has shown on the effectiveness of CIT programs
Publication
2021
Academic Training to Inform Police Responses
Yes
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
Diversion programs
Assessing the Impact of Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD): A Review of Research
Learning about law enforcement assisted diversion programs and what the research has shown about these programs
Publication
2021
Academic Training to Inform Police Responses
Yes
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
Diversion programs
Assessing the Impact of Mobile Crisis Teams: A Review of Research
Learning about what the research has shown about mobile crisis teams
Publication
2021
Academic Training to Inform Police Responses
Yes
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
Diversion programs
Assessing the Impact of Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Teams: A Review of Research
Learning more about the implementation and impact of crisis resolution and home treatment teams and what the research has shown about these teams
Publication
2021
Academic Training to Inform Police Responses
Yes
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
Diversion programs
Assessing the Impact of EMS and Ambulance-Based Responses: A Review of Research
Learning more about EMS and ambulance-based programs for crisis response and what the research has shown on the impact of these programs
Publication
2021
Academic Training to Inform Police Responses
Yes
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
Diversion programs
Transforming Dispatch and Crisis Response Services
Examples of programs that have that have leveraged their 911 call takers and dispatch when restructuring their community's response to crisis incidents
Webinar
2021
Academic Training to Inform Police Responses
Yes
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
Diversion programs
The Arc of the United States' National Center on Criminal Justice and Disability Pathways to Justice Initiative
Learning about a community based response called Pathways to Justice
Webinar
Academic Training to Inform Police Responses
No
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
Diversion programs
Tucson Police Department's Mental Health Support Team (MHST)
An example of a Mental Health Support Team in Tucson, AZ
Webinar
Academic Training to Inform Police Responses
No
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
Diversion programs
Integrated Dispatch and Crisis Service Response
An example of dispatch/crisis services collaboration in Colorado
Webinar
2020
Academic Training to Inform Police Responses
No
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
Diversion programs
Houson Police Department Mental Health Division
An example of a mental health division in the Houston, TX Police Department
Webinar
Academic Training to Inform Police Responses
No
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
Diversion programs
Crisis Assistance Helping Out on the Streets (CAHOOTS; Eugene, OR)
Learn more about the CAHOOTS program
Webinar
Academic Training to Inform Police Responses
No
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
Diversion programs
Southern Arizona's Crisis Response Center and Crisis System
An example of a crisis response center in Tuscon, AZ
Webinar
Academic Training to Inform Police Responses
No
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
Diversion programs
Preparing for Success: Strategic Planning for Collaborative Crisis Response
Considerations for establishing a collaborative crisis response in your community
Publication
2021
Academic Training to Inform Police Responses
Yes
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
Diversion programs
What Does the Research Say? Findings from Examinations of Police-Mental Health Collaborations in Crisis Response
Learning about available empirical evidence about the implementation and impact of police-mental health collaborations in crisis response
Webinar
2021
CSG
Yes
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
Diversion programs
Improving Law Enforcement Responses to Persons with Mental Illness and Intellectual/Developmental Disabilities
Strategies to improve the behavioral health crisis response for individuals with mental illnesses and intellectual & developmental disabilities
Webinar
2019
BJA
Yes
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
CIT, Diversion programs
Effective Community Responses to Mental Health Crises: A National Curriculum for Law Enforcement Based on Best Practices from CIT Programs Nationwide
Training agencies and communities that have not yet trained on effective crisis intervention and/or for agencies that want to update or refine training strategies.
Publication
2018
CNA
Yes
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
Diversion programs
A Comprehensive Response to Mental Health Improves Outcomes and Reduces Calls for Service in Santa Clara City
A crisis intervention program highlight and success story
Publication
2022
COPS
Yes
Mental Health & Crisis Intervention
Diversion programs
CAHOOTS (Crisis Assistance Helping Out On The Streets)